FAHLEVI THING

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INVESTMENT • June 12, 2026

Is SpaceX Following Gojek's Playbook?

Is SpaceX Following Gojek's Playbook?

On 12 June 2026, SpaceX completed the largest initial public offering in history. It listed on the Nasdaq under the ticker SPCX, priced its shares at $135, sold roughly 555.6 million of them, and raised about $75 billion — a deal that eclipsed Saudi Aramco's 2019 record. The offer valued the company at about $1.77 trillion. By the closing bell the stock had climbed 19 percent to $160.95, lifting the market capitalisation past $2 trillion and making Elon Musk the world's first trillionaire on paper.

And yet, in the same prospectus that justified this number, SpaceX disclosed a 2025 net loss of $4.9 billion on revenue of $18.7 billion. The market did not flinch. Investors handed a loss-making company one of the richest valuations on earth and then bid it higher on day one.

This is the paradox worth sitting with — and it is not a new one. Indonesia watched the same logic play out four years earlier. But to understand how similar the two stories really are, and where they sharply diverge, you have to follow the profit, not just the valuation.

SpaceX: two decades in the red, a brief profit, then a deliberate return to loss

SpaceX did not stumble into a loss in 2025. It chose one. For most of its life the company lost money, as you would expect of a firm spending two decades learning to build and reuse rockets. What changed everything was Starlink, its satellite-internet arm, which converted heavy upfront capital into recurring subscription revenue.

The turn is visible in the numbers. In 2021 SpaceX posted a net loss of about $968 million. In 2022 it cut that loss to roughly $559 million as revenue doubled to $4.6 billion. In the first quarter of 2023 it recorded its first-ever quarterly profit — a slim $55 million on $1.5 billion in revenue — after two straight years of annual losses, with Starlink turning profitable that year. By 2024, before any AI losses were folded in, the underlying business was firmly in the black, with net income on the order of $791 million on revenue of about $14.1 billion. After more than twenty years, SpaceX was finally making money.

Then it walked straight back out. In February 2026 SpaceX absorbed xAI, Musk's artificial-intelligence company, which had earlier swallowed the social network X. Consolidating that loss-making AI business onto the books is what produced the $4.9 billion net loss in 2025, and an even steeper loss of about $4.3 billion in the first quarter of 2026 alone, against a loss of just $528 million in the same quarter a year before. The detail that matters is where the loss lives. The Connectivity segment, driven by Starlink, generated $11.4 billion of revenue in 2025 — about 61 percent of the company total — and $4.42 billion in operating profit, and was the only profitable division. The damage came from the AI segment, which lost roughly $6.35 billion at the operating level, while heavy Starship development spending pushed the rocket business to a $657 million operating loss of its own. In short: a cash-generating core, deliberately diverting its earnings into an unproven, expensive bet. On an adjusted-EBITDA basis the company was still positive, at about $6.6 billion in 2025.

GoTo: the mirror image — clawing its way out of loss

Gojek's path runs in the opposite direction. Founded in 2009, Gojek merged with the e-commerce platform Tokopedia in 2021 to create GoTo, Indonesia's largest digital ecosystem. It had lost money for years — losses ran into the trillions of rupiah annually before the listing, including around Rp 16.7 trillion in 2020 — and it carried that condition straight onto the public market.

GoTo listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 11 April 2022 under the ticker GOTO. It raised about $1.1 billion (Rp 15.8 trillion) at a market capitalisation near $28 billion, the largest listing in Indonesian history and among the biggest in Asia that year, drawing a record 300,000 retail investors. The shares jumped as much as 23 percent intraday and closed their debut up 13 percent. The company was deeply unprofitable, going on to post a net loss of about Rp 40.4 trillion, roughly $2.6 billion, for 2022.

The following year looked far worse on paper, with a net loss of about Rp 90.5 trillion. But roughly Rp 78.8 trillion of that was a single non-cash goodwill write-off, triggered when GoTo ceded control of Tokopedia to TikTok in a transaction effective February 2024, rather than operational bleeding. GoTo's own management stressed the charge had no impact on cash flow or operating performance.

From there the grind worked. In 2024 GoTo's net loss collapsed by roughly 96 percent to about Rp 3.1 trillion, and the company posted its first full year of underlying profit, with adjusted EBITDA of around Rp 386 billion. Through 2025 the improvement continued: record quarterly adjusted EBITDA, operating profit turning positive, and a first small pre-tax profit of about Rp 62 billion across the first nine months of the year, even as a modest net loss lingered at the bottom line. The route was unglamorous — cutting driver and user subsidies, leaning on higher-margin fintech, and migrating to cheaper cloud infrastructure — but it was a steady climb out of the hole, not a leap into a new one.

What is the same, and what is not

Where the two rhyme:

— Both staged record-setting IPOs: SpaceX the largest in history, GoTo the largest in Indonesian history and among Asia's biggest in its year.
— Both commanded enormous valuations while reporting large headline net losses.
— Both rest on a single dominant profit engine subsidising everything else — Starlink for SpaceX, fintech and the core on-demand and marketplace business for GoTo — and on a growth story priced years ahead of current earnings.
— Both lean on adjusted EBITDA to show underlying health beneath a GAAP loss.
— Both drew heavy retail participation and popped on debut, SpaceX up 19 percent and GoTo up 13 percent.

Where they part ways:

— Scale: trillions of dollars versus tens of billions.
— Direction of travel: SpaceX entered public markets profitable and chose to dive back into loss; GoTo entered unprofitable and has spent years engineering its way toward break-even.
— Nature of the loss: SpaceX's red ink is a deliberate forward investment in AI layered on top of a profitable core; GoTo's was structural to its early business model, then dominated by a one-off, non-cash impairment.
— The aftermath we can already see: GoTo's triumphant debut did not hold. Within roughly eight months, as early-investor lock-ups expired and the global tech sell-off arrived, the stock had shed close to 70 percent of its value. SpaceX's long-term arc is still unwritten.

That last point is the one to hold onto. GoTo's first-day pop validated nothing. The same narrative that justifies a sky-high multiple on the way up provides no floor on the way down, and a valuation built on a story is only ever worth what the next buyer believes the story to be. SpaceX has a genuine advantage GoTo never had at listing — a profitable core throwing off billions in cash — which gives it a sturdier floor. But the question investors are underwriting is identical in both cases: how long will the market keep funding losses on the strength of a vision rather than a balance sheet?

None of this is investment advice. It is simply a reminder that a record valuation and a billion-dollar loss can coexist for exactly as long as investors keep believing the story — and not a day longer.